Website or Blog
Write the name of the author. In your reference list, the author’s name should be in last-name, first-initial format. If there are multiple authors, list each one in last-name, first-initial format and separate the names with commas, separating the final name with an ampersand (&). For instance: Doe, J. Wilcox, M. & Smith, R.
Indicate the date of publication. The date should be in year-month-day format with a comma separating the year and the month. Type it in parentheses and follow it with a period. For example: Doe, J. (2012, December 31). Wilcox, M. & Smith, R. (2010, May 1).
List the title of the document. This is the name of the webpage or blog post, not the overall website or blog. Only capitalize the first letter of the first word, and conclude with a period. Here are some examples: Doe, J. (2012, December 31). Statistics and analysis. Wilcox, M. & Smith, R. (2010, May 1). Study about citation rules.
Write a description of the format. Next, describe what kind of online publication you're citing, such as a blog post or web page. Capitalize the first letter of the format, put the info in brackets, and end with a period. For instance: Doe, J. (2012, December 31). Statistics and analysis [Web page]. Wilcox, M. & Smith, R. (2010, May 1). Study about citation rules. [Blog post].
Finish by specifying where the information was retrieved. Write "Retrieved from" and then list the URL of the page you're citing. For example: Doe, J. (2012, December 31). Statistics and analysis [Web page]. Retrieved from http://www.onlinestats.com/12312012/analysisofstats Wilcox, M. & Smith, R. (2010, May 1). Study about citation rules. [Blog post]. Retrieved from http://www.myblog.com/117893
List just the author and year for an in-text citation. If you need to include an in-text citation, simply type an opening parenthesis, write the author’s last name, add a comma, then note the publishing year. Finish by closing the parentheses. If you’re quoting or paraphrasing a specific part of the text, include a paragraph number if possible. For instance: (Doe, 2012). (Wilcox & Smith, 2010). (Wooster, 2019, para. 2).
Website with No Author
Indicate the name of the article or page. Do not put the title in quotations or italics. Capitalize only the first letter of the first word, as well as any proper nouns. Follow with a period. For example: Analysis of the Colorado River.
Specify the date of publication, if possible. Put the date in parentheses, arranging it in year-month-day format with a comma between the year and the month. If only the year is available, list the year. If no date is available, write "n.d." Follow the parentheses with a period. For instance: Analysis of the Colorado River. (2011, May 28). Running out of water in the U.S. (n.d.).
Include the date of retrieval. The retrieval date is the date when you last looked at the website and got information from it. Introduce the date with the word "Retrieved." Type the date in month-day-year format, and follow with a comma. Here's an example: Analysis of the Colorado River. (2011, May 28). Retrieved January 1, 2013,
Cite the name of the website and the URL from which you obtained the information. Introduce the information with the word "from." Name the website, then follow it with a colon. Finish with the URL. Analysis of the Colorado River. (2011, May 28).
Online Book
Use this format only if the book has never been printed. In most cases, books found online should be cited the same way that printed books are cited. However, if the book is only available online and not in print, the format is slightly different.
Name the author or authors. Each name should be in last-name, first-initial format. Include the author's middle initial when available. Davis, J. Doyle, A. C.
Indicate the date of publication. The date should be in year-month-day format with a comma after the year. Enclose the date in parentheses. If no date is available, write the abbreviation "n.d." Follow the parentheses with a period. Davis, J. (n.d.). Doyle, A. C. (1900).
Type the name of the online e-book. Italicize the title and capitalize the first letter of the first word. If there is a subtitle, also capitalize the first letter of the first word that appears after the colon. Davis, J. (n.d.). Familiar birdsongs of the Northwest Doyle, A. C. (1900). Adventures of Sherlock Holmes
Describe the format of the book. After including the title, put the format of the book in brackets. End with a period. Davis, J. (n.d.). Familiar birdsongs of the Northwest [Kindle X version]. Doyle, A.C. (1900). Adventures of Sherlock Holmes [EPUB version].
Specify the URL. If the work is available directly, introduce the URL with the phrase "Retrieved from." If it must be purchased or is not directly available, introduce the URL with the phrase "Available from." Davis, J. (n.d.). Familiar birdsongs of the Northwest [EPUB version]. Available from https://www.powells.com/cgi-bin/biblio? inkey=1-9780931686108-0 Doyle, A. C. (1900). Adventures of Sherlock Holmes [EPUB version]. Retrieved from http://books.google.com/books
Forum Website
Mention the author's name or username. When available, you should use the author's actual name in last-name, first-initial, middle-initial format. If the author does not indicate their real name, however, you must include the author's screen name or username. Smith, A. B. JellybeanLover1900.
Include the date of publication. Due to the nature of online message boards and forums, the date of publication is almost always included with each post. Write the date in year-month-day format and enclose it in parentheses. Follow with a period. Smith, A. B. (2006, January 8).
Write the name of the post. Capitalize the first letter of the first word. Do not italicize or enclose the title in quotation marks. Smith, A. B. (2006, January 8). Famous discoveries in astronomy
Include identifiers, if possible. If the post or message number is available, indicate it in brackets. If unavailable, however, skip this step. Follow with a period. Smith, A. B. (2006, January 8). Famous discoveries in astronomy [Msg 14]. Doe, J. (2008, October 17). New news to report.
Write the URL where the message was posted. Include the specific URL of the thread and introduce it with the phrase "Message posted to." Smith, A. B. (2006, January 8). Famous discoveries in astronomy [Msg 14]. Message posted to http://www.sample-forum.com/forum/messages/01.html
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