Preparing an Emergency Plan
Create a Disaster Preparedness Plan for your house or place of work. Know what you and your family are going to do before the earthquake happens. Form your plan together and go over it on a regular basis. The most important first step is understanding what to do the moment an earthquake hits. This plan needs to: Identify the best places for cover in your building. Under sturdy desks and tables and inside strong interior door frames are good places. If there is no other cover, lay on the floor next to an interior wall and protect your head and neck. Stay away from large furniture, mirrors, external walls and windows, kitchen cabinets, and anything heavy that isn't bolted down. Teach everyone how to signal for help if trapped. Rescuers searching collapsed buildings will be listening for sounds, so try knocking three times repeatedly or blow an emergency whistle if you have access to one. Practice until it is second nature. Practice this plan often—you only have a few seconds to make adjustments in a real earthquake.
Practice "drop, cover and hold on" until it becomes second nature. In a real earthquake, this is your number one defense. Drop to the floor, take cover under a sturdy desk or table and hold on firmly. Be prepared for shaking and falling objects. You should practice this in every room of the house, knowing your protected areas no matter where you are when an earthquake hits. If you are outside, move into the open, away from anything that could fall or collapse like telegraph poles and buildings. Drop and cover your head from falling objects. Stay there until the shaking stops.
Learn basic first aid and CPR or make sure there is at least one person in the house knows it. There are resources in your community to educate you and your family on how to deal with first aid emergencies. Your local Red Cross has monthly classes as well that will teach you the basic skills to deal with most common injuries and situations. If you cannot attend a class, purchase basic first aid books and put them with each stash of emergency supplies in the house. Having a first aid kit is highly recommended.
Decide on a rallying point for your family for after the earthquake. It should be away from buildings. Go over what your family should do in the event that not everyone makes it to the rallying point. If you have civil defense safety meeting points (as designated by your town), be sure that every member of the family knows the location of the one closest to home, school, and work. Identify an out-of-area contact person, like an out-of-state aunt or uncle, that your family can call and get in touch with one another. If you can't call each other for some reason, make sure you call them to help coordinate a meet-up. Use FRS and GMRS service (GMRS requires a license by FCC in US) to contact each other. Phone lines get congested in disaster. Some FRS and GMRS radio can send radio waves up to 40 miles! If you are in a tsunami prone area, you should know immediately of a location that is away from the coast and high off the ground and should practice proceeding to that location during earthquake drills. Tsunami are deadly waves formed after large earthquakes, and they can easily be up to 10 metres (33 ft) high or even higher. You should check your government's office of emergency management to see whether you live in a tsunami-prone area and the steps you can take to prepare for tsunami.
Learn how to turn off the utilities in your house, especially the gas line. A broken gas line leaks flammable gas into the environment which can lead to a very dangerous explosion if untended. You should learn how to operate your utilities now so that, in the event you smell leaking gas, you can quickly stop the problem.
Write down and share emergency contact lists. This should include everyone in your home, office, etc. You need to know who must be accounted for and how to get in touch with them if they can't be found. In addition to normal contact information, ask each person to provide and emergency contact as well. You should also include: Names and numbers of neighbors. Name and number of the landlord. Important medical information. Emergency numbers for fire, medical, police, and insurance.
Try to develop routes and methods for getting home after an earthquake has occurred. There is no way to know what time of day an earthquake might strike, you may be at work, at school, on a bus, or in a train when one strikes. It is highly likely that you will need to know several ways to get home since roads and bridges will likely be obstructed for long periods of time. Note any potentially dangerous structures, like bridges, and figure out a route around them if need be.
Preparing an Emergency Earthquake Kit
Prepare a disaster supply kit, and inform the entire household of its location. Earthquakes can trap people in their homes for days at a time in the worst-case scenario, so you need everything for survival in the house. If you have a large house or family, more than 4-5 people, consider making extra kits and leaving them in different sections of the house.
Purchase enough emergency food and water for at least three days. You should have a gallon of water for each family member, plus a few more for emergencies. Make sure you have a manual can opener to get into tinned emergency rations as well. You can purchase any non-perishable food you prefer, such as: Canned foods, like fruits, vegetables, beans, and tuna. Processed crackers and salty snacks. Camping food.
Buy a solar or manual crank flashlight and radio, or a normal flashlight with extra batteries. You should preferably have one for each individual in the house. Get a portable, battery-operated radio as well. There are some models that are solar or kinetically powered that may be worth an investment as you'll never have to worry about batteries. You should also purchase glow-sticks, matches, and candles as backup options.
Create a First Aid kit. This is one of the most important objects in your emergency kit, and needs to be fully stocked with the following. Bandages and Gauze Antibiotic ointments and alcohol wipes Pain-relievers Broad spectrum antibiotic pills Anti-diarrhea medication (essential to fight dehydration in an emergency) Scissors Gloves and dust masks Needle and thread Splinting material Compression wraps Up-to-date prescriptions Water purification tablets
Put together a basic tool kit that can help get out of the house in an emergency. You may need to help rescue crews, or move fallen debris trapping you in the house. You should have: Wrenches for gas lines Heavy duty hammer Work gloves Crowbar Fire extinguisher Rope ladder
Store miscellaneous supplies to make an emergency stay more comfortable. While everything above is essential to a good survival kit, the following materials should also be rounded up if time and money allow: Pillows and blankets Closed-toe shoes Plastic bags Disposable cutlery, plates, and cups Emergency cash Toiletries Games, cards, toys, and writing materials Scanner (It will be helpful to hear outside information on a scanner)
Preparing Your Home to Minimize Damage
Fasten any large items securely to the walls and floor. There are a number of specific hazards in your home that you can deal with before an earthquake occurs. The biggest danger is actually from falling objects inside your house. Luckily, these sorts of injuries can be prevented with some forethought: Fasten all shelves securely to the walls. Use brackets to attach wall units, bookcases, and other tall furniture to wall studs. Standard steel brackets are fine and easy to apply. Place large, heavy objects on lower shelves or on the floor. They might fall during an earthquake and the less distance they have to fall, the better. You can also screw objects onto things, such as a desk. Use non-slip mats to prevent objects with a low center of gravity from sliding. For example, fish bowls, vases, floral arrangements, statues, etc. Use an invisible nylon cord to secure tall, heavy items that can topple over to the wall. Place an eye screw in the wall, and tie the thread around the object (such as a vase) and then tie it to the eye screw.
Install shatter-safe window films to protect from breaking glass. In a last-minute pinch, placing masking tape across the diagonals (in an "X") of your windows can keep them from shattering. Most earthquake prone areas will already require these windows, but you should check to make sure.
Place breakable items in closed cabinets that have latches. Lock or latch them up so that the cabinet doors cannot fly open. Use poster tack/plastic putty to keep ornaments, figurines, and glassware adhered to shelves and mantelpieces. There are even special commercial quake putties available, allowing you to secure objects in place securely.
Remove or secure hanging objects from above seating and sleeping areas. Heavy pictures, light fixtures, and mirrors should be hung away from beds, couches, and anywhere that someone might sit. Conventional picture hooks will not hold pictures during an earthquake, but they are easy to fix - simply push the hook closed, or use a filler material to fill the gap between the hook and its backing. Other alternatives include buying special art hooks and ensuring that heavy paintings have adequate, strong hooks and cord.
Check that your house is up-to-date with earthquake protections. A landlord or your local zoning board can help you determine this. If you have any deep cracks in the ceiling or foundations, repair these immediately. You might need to consult an expert if there are signs of structural weakness. Make sure your foundation is properly braced and that all modern laws and building regulations are being complied with. Have flexible fittings placed on your gas pipes. A professional plumber will need to do this. It's also a good idea to have flexible fittings on your water pipes, so have these fixed at the same time. If your house has a chimney, secure it to the walls of the house using galvanized metal angles and bands at the top, ceiling line, and base. The angles can be bolted to the wall, and to ceiling joists or rafters if you have cladding on the house. For the part of the chimney sitting above the roof-line, brace it to the roof. Evaluate your electrical wiring, electrical appliances, and gas connections. Do any repairs if needed. During an earthquake, faulty fittings and wiring can become a potential fire hazard. When securing appliances, be sure not to drill holes in them. You can use existing holes, or make loops from leather, that can be glued onto an appliance.
Work with your community to prepare for earthquakes together. If there aren't civic groups present in your area focused on earthquake preparedness, work on creating one. Here you can share resources, find meeting points, and provide support for one another in the case of an earthquake.
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